Evidence-first guides for medical travel and wellness in China.

endometriosisadenomyosisdysmenorrhoeapelvic pain

Endometriosis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Endometriosis affects approximately 10% of women of reproductive age — 190 million women worldwide — yet it takes an average of 7–10 years from symptom onset to diagnosis. This guide covers the biology of endometriosis and adenomyosis, the spectrum from painful periods to deep infiltrating endometriosis and infertility, diagnosis by laparoscopy and MRI, and treatment from hormonal suppression to surgical excision and IVF.

ovarian cancerepithelial ovarian cancerBRCAcytoreductive surgery

Ovarian Cancer: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death in women and the most lethal gynaecological malignancy — largely because most cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage when symptoms appear. This guide covers the biology of epithelial ovarian cancer, early warning symptoms, staging by CT and surgical assessment, and the full treatment pathway from cytoreductive surgery to platinum-based chemotherapy, PARP inhibitors, and bevacizumab.

uterine fibroidsleiomyomaheavy menstrual bleedingmyomectomy

Uterine Fibroids: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) are the most common benign tumours in women, affecting up to 70% of women by age 50. This guide covers why fibroids develop, how their location determines symptoms (heavy periods, pelvic pressure, subfertility), how ultrasound and MRI diagnose and map fibroids, and the full treatment spectrum from hormonal therapy to hysteroscopic resection, uterine artery embolisation, and myomectomy.

cervical cancerHPVPap smearcolposcopy

Cervical Cancer: HPV, Screening and Treatment

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide and the most preventable major cancer — almost entirely caused by persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This guide covers HPV vaccination, cervical screening by Pap smear and HPV testing, colposcopy and biopsy, and treatment from LLETZ for pre-cancer through radical hysterectomy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy for invasive disease.

bladder cancerurothelial carcinomaTURBTBCG

Bladder Cancer: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

Bladder cancer is the tenth most common cancer worldwide and the most expensive cancer to treat per patient over a lifetime due to the need for lifelong surveillance. This guide covers transitional cell carcinoma, the critical distinction between non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive disease, how cystoscopy and TURBT diagnose and stage bladder tumours, and the full treatment spectrum from intravesical BCG to radical cystectomy and immunotherapy.

BPHbenign prostatic hyperplasiaenlarged prostateLUTS

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common urological condition in men over 50, affecting over 50% of men by age 60 and 90% by age 85. This guide covers why the prostate enlarges with age, the full spectrum of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), how uroflowmetry and cystoscopy diagnose obstruction, and the range of treatments from alpha-blockers and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors to TURP and minimally invasive surgical therapies.

kidney stonesurolithiasisrenal colicureteroscopy

Kidney Stones: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Kidney stones (urolithiasis) affect approximately 10% of adults in developed countries and cause one of the most intense pain experiences in medicine — renal colic. This guide covers stone types and why they form, how CT urography confirms the diagnosis, when stones pass spontaneously vs when ureteroscopy, shock wave lithotripsy, or percutaneous surgery is needed, and how to prevent recurrence.

prostate cancerPSAbiopsyradical prostatectomy

Prostate Cancer: Detection, Staging and Treatment

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men in developed countries and the second leading cause of male cancer death. This guide covers PSA screening and the controversy around it, how biopsy and MRI diagnose and stage prostate cancer, active surveillance for low-risk disease, radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy for localised disease, and hormone therapy and novel agents for advanced prostate cancer.

GERDacid refluxheartburnBarrett's oesophagus

GERD: Acid Reflux, Causes and Treatment

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) affects approximately 20% of Western adults and is rising rapidly in Asia — caused by the backward flow of stomach acid into the oesophagus. This guide covers heartburn and regurgitation, the spectrum from non-erosive reflux to Barrett's oesophagus, how endoscopy and pH monitoring confirm the diagnosis, and treatment from proton pump inhibitors to anti-reflux surgery.

gastric cancerstomach cancerH. pylorigastrectomy

Gastric Cancer: Risk Factors, Diagnosis and Treatment

Gastric (stomach) cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the fourth leading cause of cancer death — with particularly high incidence in East Asia. This guide covers H. pylori as the dominant modifiable risk factor, early detection by endoscopy, staging, and the full treatment pathway from gastrectomy to chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.

inflammatory bowel diseaseIBDCrohn's diseaseulcerative colitis

Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) — comprising Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis — are chronic immune-mediated conditions causing relapsing gut inflammation, affecting approximately 10 million people worldwide. This guide covers the key differences between Crohn's and UC, diagnosis by colonoscopy and MRI enterography, and the full treatment spectrum from 5-ASA and steroids to biological therapies (infliximab, vedolizumab, ustekinumab) and surgical colectomy.